AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2025 · Tabel 12.4/12.5 · Fraktur Kritis · H16

Preheat M270M Gr.345S — H16, Low HI, > 60 mm: 350°F

Persyaratan preheat fraktur kritis untuk M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S pada ketebalan > 60 mm (> 2½ in) dengan penunjukan hidrogen H16, sesuai AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2025, Kode Pengelasan Jembatan.

Berdasarkan AWS D1.5:2025 — setiap nilai dilacak ke pasal.

Preheat dan Interpass Minimum Fraktur Kritis
350°F / 180°C
Hidrogen H16 · masukan panas 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm · ketebalan > 60 mm (> 2½ in)
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025 Tabel 12.4/12.5
Penunjukan H16: bahan habis pakai mengendapkan ≤ 16 mL/100g hidrogen difusibel sesuai AWS A4.3. Hidrogen lebih rendah = preheat lebih rendah.
Alat referensi. Verifikasi terhadap edisi yang berlaku dan WPS yang disetujui Insinyur.

M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S

AASHTO M270M Gr.345S (M270 Gr.50S) is the structural shape variant of Gr.345, intended for rolled W-shapes and channels used in bridge framing. The "S" suffix indicates the shape-specific chemistry and mechanical property requirements. Used in cross-frame angles, diaphragm members, and built-up sections where rolled shapes are specified rather than plate. Preheat requirements match Gr.345 — Table 6.3 Group 1 for NFC, Tables 12.4/12.5 for FC applications.

Memahami Preheat FC untuk M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S

Shape-grade 345 MPa (50 ksi) steel for rolled bridge members. Under D1.5 fracture-critical requirements (Clause 12), the combination of H16 hydrogen designation and this heat input band requires 350°F minimum preheat at > 60 mm (> 2½ in). Lower hydrogen levels (H4 < H8 < H16) allow lower preheat because less hydrogen enters the weld deposit. Similarly, higher heat input reduces preheat requirements because slower cooling rates give hydrogen more time to diffuse out.

Di Mana M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S Digunakan

Used as rolled W-shapes and channels in bridge cross-frames, diaphragm members, and built-up sections. The "S" shape designation indicates procurement under AASHTO M270 with shape-specific chemistry and mandatory CVN testing. Common applications include WT sections for cross-frame members, MC channels for diaphragms, and W-shapes for floor beams on shorter spans. Weld details are primarily fillet welds at gusset connections and clip angles.

Kontrol Hidrogen H16 untuk M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S

Gr.345S (50S) at H16 applies primarily to field-erected cross-frame connections using self-shielded FCAW. The higher preheat requirement at H16 can be challenging to maintain on thin shape flanges that lose heat rapidly to the surrounding air — electric resistance heating pads help maintain uniform temperature.

Mengapa Preheat Penting pada > 60 mm (> 2½ in)

Material over 65 mm (2-1/2 in) includes the heaviest bridge girder flanges and box-section walls. Table 6.3 requires 110°C (225°F) for both groups at this thickness. Extended preheat soak time is necessary to achieve uniform through-thickness temperature. FC preheat for the heaviest sections reaches 180–200°C (350–400°F) at the H16 hydrogen level.

M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S pada > 60 mm (> 2½ in)

Gr.345S (50S) above 65 mm flange thickness is limited to the heaviest jumbo W-shapes (W14×730 or similar) used in critical transfer structures. These sections have significant residual stress from the rolling process that compounds with welding stresses. Full 225°F preheat plus controlled cooling is essential — some fabricators specify post-weld hydrogen release holds at 400°F for 2 hours on jumbo section connections.

Preheat Lebih Tinggi pada Penunjukan H16

Bahan habis pakai H16 mengizinkan hingga 16 mL hidrogen difusibel per 100g — tingkat tertinggi yang diizinkan untuk pengelasan FC jembatan. Pada > 60 mm (> 2½ in) dengan masukan panas 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm, preheat 350°F (180°C) mengkompensasi potensi hidrogen yang lebih tinggi.

Baja Jembatan Lain pada H16 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm · > 60 mm (> 2½ in)

BajaTabelPreheat
M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36A350°F (180°C)
M270M Gr.345W / M270 Gr.50WB400°F (200°C)
M270M HPS345W / M270 HPS50WB400°F (200°C)
M270M HPS485W / M270 HPS70WB400°F (200°C)

Coba Kombinasi Berbeda

Gunakan Kalkulator Preheat Jembatan D1.5 untuk mencari baja AASHTO M270, tingkat hidrogen, dan kombinasi masukan panas. Lihat juga Kalkulator Preheat D1.1 untuk baja struktural.

Berapa preheat FC untuk M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S dengan H16 pada > 60 mm (> 2½ in)?
Untuk fraktur kritis M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S dilas dengan bahan habis pakai bertanda H16 pada ketebalan > 60 mm (> 2½ in) dan masukan panas 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm, preheat minimum adalah 350°F (180°C) sesuai D1.5 Tabel 12.4/12.5.
Apa perbedaan antara preheat FC dan NFC untuk M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S?
Preheat non-fraktur kritis (Tabel 6.3) adalah pencarian sederhana berdasarkan ketebalan. Preheat fraktur kritis (Tabel 12.4–12.8) menambahkan tingkat hidrogen dan masukan panas sebagai variabel, biasanya memerlukan preheat lebih tinggi.
Bagaimana masukan panas mempengaruhi preheat FC M270M Gr.345S / M270 Gr.50S?
Masukan panas lebih tinggi berarti laju pendinginan lebih lambat, memberikan hidrogen lebih banyak waktu untuk berdifusi keluar dari zona las. Pada 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm, preheat 350°F menyeimbangkan tingkat hidrogen dan laju pendinginan.
Why is preheat the same for both groups above 65 mm?
Table 6.3 converges at 110°C (225°F) for both groups at this thickness because the dominant factor becomes hydrogen diffusion distance through the thick section rather than the steel’s hardenability. Even Group 1 steels need substantial preheat at 65+ mm to keep cooling rates slow enough for safe hydrogen escape.

Data referensi D1.5:2025. Tidak berafiliasi dengan AWS atau AASHTO.