AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2025 · Tabel 12.4/12.5 · Fraktur Kritis · H16

Preheat M270M Gr.345 — H16, Mid HI, 20–40 mm: 175°F

Persyaratan preheat fraktur kritis untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 pada ketebalan 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in) dengan penunjukan hidrogen H16, sesuai AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2025, Kode Pengelasan Jembatan.

Berdasarkan AWS D1.5:2025 — setiap nilai dilacak ke pasal.

Preheat dan Interpass Minimum Fraktur Kritis
175°F / 80°C
Hidrogen H16 · masukan panas 2.0–2.8 kJ/mm · ketebalan 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025 Tabel 12.4/12.5
Penunjukan H16: bahan habis pakai mengendapkan ≤ 16 mL/100g hidrogen difusibel sesuai AWS A4.3. Hidrogen lebih rendah = preheat lebih rendah.
Alat referensi. Verifikasi terhadap edisi yang berlaku dan WPS yang disetujui Insinyur.

M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50

AASHTO M270M Gr.345 (M270 Gr.50) is the standard bridge plate and shape grade with 345 MPa (50 ksi) minimum yield, corresponding to ASTM A709 Gr.50. It is the baseline strength for modern highway bridge design per AASHTO LRFD. Used for plate girder flanges, webs, floor beams, cross-frames, and splice plates. Flanges on large plate girders routinely reach 50–75 mm (2–3 in) thick, making preheat compliance at upper thickness tiers a significant production consideration. NFC preheat per Table 6.3 Group 1; FC per Tables 12.4/12.5.

Memahami Preheat FC untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50

Standard 345 MPa (50 ksi) bridge plate for girders and floor beams. Under D1.5 fracture-critical requirements (Clause 12), the combination of H16 hydrogen designation and this heat input band requires 175°F minimum preheat at 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in). Lower hydrogen levels (H4 < H8 < H16) allow lower preheat because less hydrogen enters the weld deposit. Similarly, higher heat input reduces preheat requirements because slower cooling rates give hydrogen more time to diffuse out.

Di Mana M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 Digunakan

Standard for highway bridge plate girder flanges, box girder webs, cross-frame angles, bearing sole plates, and splice plates in bolted-welded connections. Gr.345 (50) is the baseline strength for modern AASHTO LRFD bridge design. Flange butt splices, web-to-flange continuous fillet welds, and bearing stiffener clips are the dominant weld types in girder fabrication. Girder flanges typically range from 20 to 75 mm (3/4 to 3 in) thick with widths from 300 to 750 mm (12 to 30 in), requiring extended preheat soak times on thicker flange splices.

Kontrol Hidrogen H16 untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50

Gr.345 (50) at H16 requires the highest FC preheat in the standard grade range. The elevated preheat compensates for the substantial hydrogen potential but adds significant production cost on thick girder flanges. Most fabricators avoid H16 for shop work, reserving it only for field processes where lower-hydrogen alternatives are not feasible.

Mengapa Preheat Penting pada 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)

Material from 20 to 40 mm (3/4 to 1-1/2 in) includes many girder web plates, splice plates, and bearing stiffener plates. Preheat increases to 20°C (70°F) for Group 1 and 50°C (125°F) for Group 2 under Table 6.3. The thicker section slows hydrogen diffusion, requiring higher preheat to maintain safe cooling rates.

M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 pada 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)

At 20–40 mm, Gr.345 (50) serves splice plates, web plates, and bearing sole plates in standard highway bridge girders. CJP butt welds at flange splices are the most critical joint at this thickness — full-penetration ultrasonically-inspected joints that must pass D1.5 acceptance criteria. Preheat compliance is production-critical: 70°F minimum means heated fabrication bays in northern climates during winter bridge contracts.

Preheat Lebih Tinggi pada Penunjukan H16

Bahan habis pakai H16 mengizinkan hingga 16 mL hidrogen difusibel per 100g — tingkat tertinggi yang diizinkan untuk pengelasan FC jembatan. Pada 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in) dengan masukan panas 2.0–2.8 kJ/mm, preheat 175°F (80°C) mengkompensasi potensi hidrogen yang lebih tinggi.

Baja Jembatan Lain pada H16 2.0–2.8 kJ/mm · 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)

BajaTabelPreheat
M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36A175°F (80°C)
M270M Gr.345W / M270 Gr.50WB225°F (110°C)
M270M HPS345W / M270 HPS50WB225°F (110°C)
M270M HPS485W / M270 HPS70WB225°F (110°C)

Coba Kombinasi Berbeda

Gunakan Kalkulator Preheat Jembatan D1.5 untuk mencari baja AASHTO M270, tingkat hidrogen, dan kombinasi masukan panas. Lihat juga Kalkulator Preheat D1.1 untuk baja struktural.

Berapa preheat FC untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 dengan H16 pada 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)?
Untuk fraktur kritis M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 dilas dengan bahan habis pakai bertanda H16 pada ketebalan 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in) dan masukan panas 2.0–2.8 kJ/mm, preheat minimum adalah 175°F (80°C) sesuai D1.5 Tabel 12.4/12.5.
Apa perbedaan antara preheat FC dan NFC untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50?
Preheat non-fraktur kritis (Tabel 6.3) adalah pencarian sederhana berdasarkan ketebalan. Preheat fraktur kritis (Tabel 12.4–12.8) menambahkan tingkat hidrogen dan masukan panas sebagai variabel, biasanya memerlukan preheat lebih tinggi.
Bagaimana masukan panas mempengaruhi preheat FC M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50?
Masukan panas lebih tinggi berarti laju pendinginan lebih lambat, memberikan hidrogen lebih banyak waktu untuk berdifusi keluar dari zona las. Pada 2.0–2.8 kJ/mm, preheat 175°F menyeimbangkan tingkat hidrogen dan laju pendinginan.
Why does Group 2 need higher preheat than Group 1 at this thickness?
Group 2 steels (HPS485W, HPS690W) have higher hardenability from their increased alloy content, forming harder microstructures on cooling. The 50°C (125°F) minimum versus Group 1’s 20°C (70°F) compensates for the greater cracking susceptibility of these higher-strength grades.

Data referensi D1.5:2025. Tidak berafiliasi dengan AWS atau AASHTO.