AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2025 · Tabel 12.4/12.5 · Fraktur Kritis · H16

Preheat M270M Gr.250 — H16, Low HI, 20–40 mm: 200°F

Persyaratan preheat fraktur kritis untuk M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36 pada ketebalan 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in) dengan penunjukan hidrogen H16, sesuai AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2025, Kode Pengelasan Jembatan.

Berdasarkan AWS D1.5:2025 — setiap nilai dilacak ke pasal.

Preheat dan Interpass Minimum Fraktur Kritis
200°F / 100°C
Hidrogen H16 · masukan panas 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm · ketebalan 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025 Tabel 12.4/12.5
Penunjukan H16: bahan habis pakai mengendapkan ≤ 16 mL/100g hidrogen difusibel sesuai AWS A4.3. Hidrogen lebih rendah = preheat lebih rendah.
Alat referensi. Verifikasi terhadap edisi yang berlaku dan WPS yang disetujui Insinyur.

M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36

AASHTO M270M Gr.250 (M270 Gr.36) is the metric/US customary designation for the basic structural bridge steel with 250 MPa (36 ksi) minimum yield. It is the direct bridge equivalent of ASTM A709 Gr.36, procured under AASHTO M270 with mandatory Charpy V-notch testing per temperature zone. Used for secondary bridge members — lateral bracing, diaphragm plates, floor beam stiffeners, and bearing components where Gr.345 strength is not needed. Non-fracture-critical preheat follows Table 6.3 Group 1; fracture-critical follows Tables 12.4/12.5 with hydrogen and heat input as additional variables.

Memahami Preheat FC untuk M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36

Basic 250 MPa (36 ksi) bridge steel for secondary members. Under D1.5 fracture-critical requirements (Clause 12), the combination of H16 hydrogen designation and this heat input band requires 200°F minimum preheat at 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in). Lower hydrogen levels (H4 < H8 < H16) allow lower preheat because less hydrogen enters the weld deposit. Similarly, higher heat input reduces preheat requirements because slower cooling rates give hydrogen more time to diffuse out.

Di Mana M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36 Digunakan

Specified for secondary bridge members under AASHTO LRFD — lateral bracing angles, diaphragm plates, floor beam stiffeners, bearing seat components, and railing posts. Gr.250 (36) requires CVN testing per AASHTO temperature zone, distinguishing it from plain ASTM A36 by guaranteeing fracture resistance at the bridge design service temperature. Transverse stiffener fillet welds and floor beam web-to-flange joints are high-frequency fabrication details. Temperature zones (1 through 3) determine CVN test temperature: Zone 1 at 21°C (70°F) for moderate climates, Zone 2 at 4°C (40°F) for cold, Zone 3 at -12°C (10°F) for severe cold.

Kontrol Hidrogen H16 untuk M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36

H16 designation (16 mL/100g max) on Gr.250 (36) is the highest hydrogen level permitted for FC bridge welding. For Gr.250 secondary members, H16 is sometimes specified when using self-shielded FCAW (E71T-8) for field connections where gas shielding is impractical — the resulting higher preheat is accepted as the cost of field weldability.

Mengapa Preheat Penting pada 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)

Material from 20 to 40 mm (3/4 to 1-1/2 in) includes many girder web plates, splice plates, and bearing stiffener plates. Preheat increases to 20°C (70°F) for Group 1 and 50°C (125°F) for Group 2 under Table 6.3. The thicker section slows hydrogen diffusion, requiring higher preheat to maintain safe cooling rates.

M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36 pada 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)

At 20–40 mm, Gr.250 (36) appears in floor beam stiffener plates and diaphragm gussets where loads transfer between main girder and secondary members. Weld details are typically partial-penetration groove welds or large fillet welds at connection brackets. The thicker section slows hydrogen escape, making preheat compliance more important than at thin plate. Fabricators often tack-weld stiffener clips without preheat and then apply full preheat for final welding — D1.5 requires preheat for ALL passes including tacks.

Preheat Lebih Tinggi pada Penunjukan H16

Bahan habis pakai H16 mengizinkan hingga 16 mL hidrogen difusibel per 100g — tingkat tertinggi yang diizinkan untuk pengelasan FC jembatan. Pada 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in) dengan masukan panas 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm, preheat 200°F (100°C) mengkompensasi potensi hidrogen yang lebih tinggi.

Baja Jembatan Lain pada H16 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm · 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)

BajaTabelPreheat
M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50A200°F (100°C)
M270M Gr.345W / M270 Gr.50WB250°F (120°C)
M270M HPS345W / M270 HPS50WB250°F (120°C)
M270M HPS485W / M270 HPS70WB250°F (120°C)

Coba Kombinasi Berbeda

Gunakan Kalkulator Preheat Jembatan D1.5 untuk mencari baja AASHTO M270, tingkat hidrogen, dan kombinasi masukan panas. Lihat juga Kalkulator Preheat D1.1 untuk baja struktural.

Berapa preheat FC untuk M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36 dengan H16 pada 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in)?
Untuk fraktur kritis M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36 dilas dengan bahan habis pakai bertanda H16 pada ketebalan 20–40 mm (3/4–1½ in) dan masukan panas 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm, preheat minimum adalah 200°F (100°C) sesuai D1.5 Tabel 12.4/12.5.
Apa perbedaan antara preheat FC dan NFC untuk M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36?
Preheat non-fraktur kritis (Tabel 6.3) adalah pencarian sederhana berdasarkan ketebalan. Preheat fraktur kritis (Tabel 12.4–12.8) menambahkan tingkat hidrogen dan masukan panas sebagai variabel, biasanya memerlukan preheat lebih tinggi.
Bagaimana masukan panas mempengaruhi preheat FC M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36?
Masukan panas lebih tinggi berarti laju pendinginan lebih lambat, memberikan hidrogen lebih banyak waktu untuk berdifusi keluar dari zona las. Pada 1.2–2.0 kJ/mm, preheat 200°F menyeimbangkan tingkat hidrogen dan laju pendinginan.
Why does Group 2 need higher preheat than Group 1 at this thickness?
Group 2 steels (HPS485W, HPS690W) have higher hardenability from their increased alloy content, forming harder microstructures on cooling. The 50°C (125°F) minimum versus Group 1’s 20°C (70°F) compensates for the greater cracking susceptibility of these higher-strength grades.

Data referensi D1.5:2025. Tidak berafiliasi dengan AWS atau AASHTO.