AWS A2.4 §12 · Resistance & Arc Seam

Seam Weld Symbol

How to read a seam weld symbol — the circle with a horizontal line through its center. Width, length, pitch, and why the process designation in the tail is mandatory.

Seam Weld Symbol — Anatomy
0.25 RSEW width left, process in tail
RSEW — 0.25" width
0.25 2-4 2" length, 4" pitch
Intermittent — 2" on, 4" pitch
centered = no side significance
Centered — no side significance
Key distinction: The seam weld symbol has a horizontal line through the circle. A plain circle (no line) is the spot weld symbol. This is the single visual difference between the two — look for the line.

Seam Weld Symbol Dimensions

Per AWS A2.4 §12, seam weld symbols follow the same general dimension rules as spot welds, with added length and pitch for intermittent seam welds.

Where Each Dimension Goes

Width (weld size) — to the LEFT of the symbol. This is the width of the seam weld nugget or bead.

Length — to the RIGHT. For continuous seam welds, length is the total weld length. For intermittent, it appears as part of the length-pitch format.

Pitch — to the RIGHT, in length-pitch format (e.g. 2-4 means 2-inch weld segments at 4-inch center-to-center spacing).

Number of seam welds — in parentheses.

Process — REQUIRED in the tail. Per A2.4 §12.1.3, the welding process must be specified: RSEW, GTAW, GMAW, etc.

Three Placement Options

Below reference line — arrow side. The seam weld is on the side the arrow points to.

Above reference line — other side.

Centered on reference line — no side significance. Used for RSEW and EBW where the weld forms between members regardless of which side faces the electrode.

Common error: Centering the symbol for arc seam welds. Arc seam welds (GTAW, GMAW) have side significance because the arc acts from one side. Only center the symbol for resistance and electron beam processes.

Resistance vs Arc Seam Welding

The same seam weld symbol represents fundamentally different processes. The tail designation determines which one.

Feature Resistance Seam (RSEW) Arc Seam (GTAW/GMAW)
Equipment Rotating wheel electrodes Standard arc welding torch
Side significance None — center on ref line Yes — arrow/other side
Material range Thin sheet (typically <3mm) Wider range, thicker material
D1.1 scope Outside D1.1 scope Arc process rules apply
Applications Automotive, tanks, leak-tight joints Less common in structural work

Seam Weld Symbol FAQ

What is a seam weld symbol?
A seam weld symbol is a circle with a horizontal line through its center, placed on the reference line. It indicates a continuous weld along the length of overlapping members. The horizontal line through the circle distinguishes it from the plain circle of a spot weld symbol. The process designation (RSEW, GTAW, GMAW, etc.) is required in the tail of the welding symbol.
What is the difference between a seam weld and a spot weld symbol?
Both use a circle on the reference line, but the seam weld circle has a horizontal line through its center while the spot weld circle is plain (no line). A spot weld creates a single point of fusion, while a seam weld creates a continuous or intermittent line of fusion. Both require the welding process in the tail. Resistance seam welds (RSEW) can be centered on the reference line because resistance processes have no side significance. Arc seam welds (GTAW, GMAW) retain normal side significance.
Why is the process required in the tail of a seam weld symbol?
Per AWS A2.4 §12.1.3, the welding process must appear in the tail because the same seam weld symbol represents fundamentally different processes — resistance seam welding (RSEW), gas tungsten arc (GTAW), gas metal arc (GMAW), and others. Each process has different equipment, parameters, and quality requirements. Without the process designation, the welder cannot determine what equipment or procedure to use.
Does AWS D1.1 cover seam welding?
D1.1 does not have a dedicated seam weld clause. Resistance seam welding (RSEW) is outside D1.1 scope entirely — D1.1 governs arc welding processes only. For arc seam welds made with GTAW or GMAW, the applicable arc process rules in D1.1 apply. AWS D1.3 (Structural Welding Code — Sheet Steel) covers arc seam welds on sheet steel under 3/16 inch, but resistance seam welding falls outside the D1.x family entirely.