AWS A2.4 §7.2.10 · Two Curved Surfaces

Flare-V Groove Weld Symbol

How to read a flare-V groove weld symbol — Y-shape for two curved surfaces in side-by-side contact. Groove weld size measured from the outside surface. No machining required.

Flare-V Groove Weld Symbol — Anatomy
D(S) Y-shape = 2 curved mbrs
Flare-V symbol — Y-shape
2 round bars, side-by-side
Two curved surfaces meeting
D (S) S from outside surface
D and S dimensions
Inherent geometry: Per A2.4 §7.2.10.4, groove depth D is the distance from the point of tangency to the top of the member. D is not mandatory on the symbol because it is inherent to the joint geometry — the radius of the curved members determines it automatically.

Flare-V Groove Symbol Dimensions

The flare-V groove symbol has two outward-curving lines that look like a Y sitting on the reference line. This represents two curved surfaces (such as round bars or tubes) placed side by side, creating a natural V-shaped groove at their contact line.

What the Joint Looks Like

Per A2.4 §7.2.10.2, a flare-V groove weld joint occurs from the side-by-side longitudinal contact between two curved surfaces. No machining is required — the groove is formed by the member geometry itself. Common examples: two round bars welded side by side, two round HSS sections in contact.

Groove Weld Size (S)

Per A2.4 §7.2.10.5, the groove weld size S is measured from the outside surface of the curved members. This differs from conventional groove welds where S is measured from the joint face. Place S in parentheses to the left of the symbol for PJP welds.

Groove Depth (D)

Per A2.4 §7.2.10.4, groove depth D is the distance from the point of tangency to the top of the member. D does not need to appear on the symbol because the radius of the member inherently determines it. When D is omitted along with S, complete joint penetration is implied.

Not a machined joint: Flare-groove welds are a special case that do not conform to all accepted conventions for other groove welds (A2.4 §7.2.10). The groove shape comes from the member geometry, not from a preparation cut. This makes sizing and specification different from V-groove, U-groove, and other machined preparations.

Which Symbol to Use

The choice between flare-V and flare-bevel depends entirely on the member geometry:

Flare-V Groove (this page)

Two curved surfaces meeting side by side. Both members are round (e.g., two round bars, two tubes). Symbol: Y-shape (two curves). Per A2.4 §7.2.10.2.

Flare-Bevel Groove

One curved surface + one planar surface. One member is round, the other is flat plate. Symbol: reversed-J or C-shape (one curve, one straight). Per A2.4 §7.2.10.1.

Quick test: Look at the cross-section. If both members are round → flare-V. If one is round and one is flat → flare-bevel.

Flare-V Groove Weld Symbol FAQ

What is a flare-V groove weld?
A flare-V groove weld joint occurs from the side-by-side longitudinal contact between two curved surfaces, per AWS A2.4 §7.2.10.2. The two curved members (such as two round bars or tubes placed side by side) create a natural V-shaped groove at their contact line. No machining is required — the groove shape is inherent to the member geometry. The flare-V groove weld symbol is a Y-shape (two curved lines opening outward) placed on the reference line.
What is the difference between flare-V and flare-bevel groove welds?
The key difference is the member geometry. A flare-V groove weld joins two curved surfaces (two round bars side by side). A flare-bevel groove weld joins a curved surface to a planar surface (a round bar against a flat plate). The flare-V symbol looks like a Y (two curves opening outward). The flare-bevel symbol looks like a reversed J or C (one curve, one straight side). Per AWS A2.4 §7.2.10.1 and §7.2.10.2.
How is groove weld size measured for a flare-V groove weld?
Per AWS A2.4 §7.2.10.5, the groove weld size S is measured from the outside surface of the curved members. The groove depth D is the distance from the point of tangency to the top of the member (§7.2.10.4). D is not mandatory to designate on the welding symbol because it is an inherent feature of the joint geometry — the radius of the curved member determines D automatically. S is placed to the left of the symbol in parentheses for partial joint penetration welds.
Where are flare-V groove welds used in practice?
Flare-V groove welds are common in structural and reinforcing steel fabrication where round bars or tubes are welded side by side — for example, welding rebar bundles, joining round HSS sections, or connecting round bar to round bar in a grating or ladder rung application. They are also used in ornamental ironwork and furniture manufacturing where curved surfaces meet longitudinally. The joint is inherently partial penetration unless the geometry provides full penetration.