AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2025 · Tabel 12.4/12.5 · Fraktur Kritis · H4

Preheat M270M Gr.345 — H4, High HI, ≤ 20 mm: 100°F

Persyaratan preheat fraktur kritis untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 pada ketebalan ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in) dengan penunjukan hidrogen H4, sesuai AASHTO/AWS D1.5:2025, Kode Pengelasan Jembatan.

Berdasarkan AWS D1.5:2025 — setiap nilai dilacak ke pasal.

Preheat dan Interpass Minimum Fraktur Kritis
100°F / 40°C
Hidrogen H4 · masukan panas > 2.8 kJ/mm · ketebalan ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in)
AASHTO/AWS D1.5M/D1.5:2025 Tabel 12.4/12.5
Penunjukan H4: bahan habis pakai mengendapkan ≤ 4 mL/100g hidrogen difusibel sesuai AWS A4.3. Hidrogen lebih rendah = preheat lebih rendah.
Alat referensi. Verifikasi terhadap edisi yang berlaku dan WPS yang disetujui Insinyur.

M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50

AASHTO M270M Gr.345 (M270 Gr.50) is the standard bridge plate and shape grade with 345 MPa (50 ksi) minimum yield, corresponding to ASTM A709 Gr.50. It is the baseline strength for modern highway bridge design per AASHTO LRFD. Used for plate girder flanges, webs, floor beams, cross-frames, and splice plates. Flanges on large plate girders routinely reach 50–75 mm (2–3 in) thick, making preheat compliance at upper thickness tiers a significant production consideration. NFC preheat per Table 6.3 Group 1; FC per Tables 12.4/12.5.

Memahami Preheat FC untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50

Standard 345 MPa (50 ksi) bridge plate for girders and floor beams. Under D1.5 fracture-critical requirements (Clause 12), the combination of H4 hydrogen designation and this heat input band requires 100°F minimum preheat at ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in). Lower hydrogen levels (H4 < H8 < H16) allow lower preheat because less hydrogen enters the weld deposit. Similarly, higher heat input reduces preheat requirements because slower cooling rates give hydrogen more time to diffuse out.

Di Mana M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 Digunakan

Standard for highway bridge plate girder flanges, box girder webs, cross-frame angles, bearing sole plates, and splice plates in bolted-welded connections. Gr.345 (50) is the baseline strength for modern AASHTO LRFD bridge design. Flange butt splices, web-to-flange continuous fillet welds, and bearing stiffener clips are the dominant weld types in girder fabrication. Girder flanges typically range from 20 to 75 mm (3/4 to 3 in) thick with widths from 300 to 750 mm (12 to 30 in), requiring extended preheat soak times on thicker flange splices.

Kontrol Hidrogen H4 untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50

Gr.345 (50) with H4 consumables achieves the lowest FC preheat requirements available for the workhorse bridge grade. On girder fabrication lines producing 50–100 meters of flange-to-web fillet weld per shift, the reduced preheat from H4 translates directly to faster welding speed and lower fuel costs for preheat maintenance.

Mengapa Preheat Penting pada ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in)

Material up to 20 mm (3/4 in) covers most cross-frame angles, stiffener clips, lateral bracing members, and light bridge plate. At this thickness, hydrogen diffusion is efficient and preheat requirements are the lowest in Table 6.3 — 10°C (50°F) for both groups. In FC service, this thickness tier also carries the lowest preheat in Tables 12.4–12.7, starting at 40°C (100°F) for H4 consumables.

M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 pada ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in)

Gr.345 (50) under 20 mm covers web stiffeners, bearing stiffener clips, and cross-frame gusset plates — the highest-volume weld details in girder fabrication. These thin plates are fillet-welded to girder webs using semi-automatic FCAW with E71T-1 wire at 2–4 kg/hr deposition. Preheat is quick to achieve with a rosebud torch and verifiable with a temperature-indicating crayon. Joint fit-up at this thickness is critical because thin plate distortion from uncontrolled heat input causes cumulative girder sweep.

Bahan Habis Pakai Bersertifikat H4 untuk Pengelasan FC Jembatan

Penunjukan tambahan H4 menyertifikasi bahwa bahan habis pakai mengendapkan tidak lebih dari 4 mL hidrogen difusibel per 100g logam yang diendapkan. Untuk fraktur kritis M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 pada ketebalan ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in) dengan masukan panas > 2.8 kJ/mm, bahan habis pakai H4 mencapai preheat terendah 100°F (40°C) di tabel FC.

Baja Jembatan Lain pada H4 > 2.8 kJ/mm · ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in)

BajaTabelPreheat
M270M Gr.345W / M270 Gr.50WB100°F (40°C)
M270M HPS345W / M270 HPS50WB100°F (40°C)
M270M HPS485W / M270 HPS70WB100°F (40°C)
M270M Gr.250 / M270 Gr.36A100°F (40°C)

Coba Kombinasi Berbeda

Gunakan Kalkulator Preheat Jembatan D1.5 untuk mencari baja AASHTO M270, tingkat hidrogen, dan kombinasi masukan panas. Lihat juga Kalkulator Preheat D1.1 untuk baja struktural.

Berapa preheat FC untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 dengan H4 pada ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in)?
Untuk fraktur kritis M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50 dilas dengan bahan habis pakai bertanda H4 pada ketebalan ≤ 20 mm (3/4 in) dan masukan panas > 2.8 kJ/mm, preheat minimum adalah 100°F (40°C) sesuai D1.5 Tabel 12.4/12.5.
Apa perbedaan antara preheat FC dan NFC untuk M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50?
Preheat non-fraktur kritis (Tabel 6.3) adalah pencarian sederhana berdasarkan ketebalan. Preheat fraktur kritis (Tabel 12.4–12.8) menambahkan tingkat hidrogen dan masukan panas sebagai variabel, biasanya memerlukan preheat lebih tinggi.
Bagaimana masukan panas mempengaruhi preheat FC M270M Gr.345 / M270 Gr.50?
Masukan panas lebih tinggi berarti laju pendinginan lebih lambat, memberikan hidrogen lebih banyak waktu untuk berdifusi keluar dari zona las. Pada > 2.8 kJ/mm, preheat 100°F menyeimbangkan tingkat hidrogen dan laju pendinginan.
Is preheat needed for bridge steel under 20 mm?
Yes — D1.5 Table 6.3 requires a minimum of 10°C (50°F) even for the thinnest material in both groups. This is higher than D1.1’s Category B minimum of 0°C (32°F) at the same thickness, reflecting the more conservative approach for bridge structures where fracture consequences are severe.

Data referensi D1.5:2025. Tidak berafiliasi dengan AWS atau AASHTO.