NDE متطلبات Lookup

D1.1:2025 requires visual inspection (VT) on all welds per Clause 8.9. When NDT other than visual — RT, UT, MT, or PT — is to be required, Clause 8.1.1 requires it to be stated in the information furnished to the bidders. That information designates the categories of welds to be examined, the extent of examination of each category, and the method or methods of testing.

Radiographic testing (RT) uses X-rays or gamma rays to create a permanent film record of internal discontinuities. Ultrasonic testing (UT) uses high-frequency sound waves to detect internal flaws. RT provides a permanent record but has thickness limitations. UT is faster, portable, and works on thicker materials. D1.1 provides acceptance criteria for RT in Clause 8.12 and for UT in Clause 8.13 with Tables 8.2 and 8.3.

Magnetic particle testing (MT) and penetrant testing (PT) detect surface and near-surface discontinuities per D1.1 Clause 8.10. MT works only on ferromagnetic materials. PT works on any material. Both use the acceptance criteria in Table 8.1. When MT or PT is to be required, it is stated in the information furnished to the bidders per Clause 8.1.1.

Table 8.2 provides UT acceptance-rejection criteria for statically loaded nontubular connections and cyclically loaded connections in compression. It uses four discontinuity severity classes (A through D) with indication ratings that vary by weld size, search unit angle (70, 60, or 45 degrees), and material thickness. Class A indications are rejected regardless of length. Class D indications are accepted regardless of length or location.