A709 HPS70W Preheat for SAW — over 2-1/2"

SAW (Submerged Arc Welding)

SAW submerges the arc beneath granular flux for highest deposition rates, flat/horizontal only. Category B in Table 5.11.

SAW on high-strength plate requires careful selection of wire-flux combinations to meet both tensile matching and toughness requirements. F8A4-EA2 or similar high-performance combinations serve Category C steels. Heat input control is particularly important on TMCP grades because SAW naturally deposits high heat input due to the deeply penetrating arc.

Why SAW for A709 HPS70W at over 2-1/2"

Why SAW for A709 HPS70W at over 2-1/2"? SAW delivers 15-40 lb/hr deposition — the highest deposition rate among available processes. Position capability: flat and horizontal only. Suitability: shop only.

Filler Metal for SAW

Wire: EM12K or EL12 with matching flux (AWS A5.17). Common combo: F7A2-EM12K. Diameter: 3/32" or 7/64". Flux type: active (A) for single-pass, neutral (N) for multi-pass. Voltage: 28-34V. Current: 400-800A depending on joint size. Travel: 12-24 ipm.

Typical values for reference — always verify against your approved WPS and electrode manufacturer data.

A709 HPS70W

ASTM A709 HPS70W is the highest-strength weathering bridge steel with 70 ksi minimum yield and 85-110 ksi tensile range, used in long-span bridges and heavily loaded members where weight reduction is critical. Produced as quenched-and-tempered plate in thicknesses up to 4", its high strength places it in Category C of Table 5.11 with correspondingly higher preheat requirements. Table 5.11 footnote (b) sets a maximum preheat/interpass of 400°F for thickness up to 1-1/2” and 450°F for thicker material — this upper limit is unusual in D1.1 and exists because the Q&T microstructure can be degraded by excessive heat. The chemistry includes copper (0.25-0.40%), nickel (0.65-1.00%), and chromium (0.40-0.65%) for atmospheric corrosion resistance, with 0.19% max carbon keeping the CE-IIW in the 0.46-0.52 range.

Why This Preheat for A709 HPS70W with SAW

Highest-strength 70 ksi weathering bridge steel for long-span applications. The higher strength level of this steel places it in Category C of Table 5.11, which carries elevated preheat requirements compared to Category B grades. At 300°F minimum with SAW, the submerged arc process with granular flux produces controlled hydrogen levels, with flux condition being the primary variable, but the preheat must still ensure the cooling rate stays slow enough to prevent hydrogen-induced cracking in this higher-hardenability material.

Typical Applications for A709 HPS70W

Reserved for long-span bridge main girder flanges, cable-stayed bridge edge girders, arch rib plates, high-load interchange ramp girders, and situations where reducing member depth saves clearance or reduces dead load. HPS70W enables weight savings of 20-30% versus conventional Gr.50 designs, allowing shallower girder sections that reduce embankment costs on grade-separation bridges. Flange thickness often exceeds 2”, making preheat and interpass control critical at every CJP splice and web-to-flange joint. Note that Table 5.11 footnote (b) sets maximum preheat and interpass limits of 400°F for thicknesses up to 1-1/2" and 450°F above. This upper limit is unusual in D1.1 and requires monitoring both minimum and maximum interpass throughout the welding sequence. Fabricators must use dual-readout temperature monitoring to ensure the joint stays within the qualified band. Filler metals must match the 70 ksi minimum tensile while providing weathering-compatible chemistry for exposed joints.

Why Preheat Matters at over 2-1/2"

The heaviest sections demand the highest preheat in Table 5.11. Multi-pass sequences require maintaining interpass temperature throughout.

Category C Preheat for A709 HPS70W

Category C in Table 5.11 applies to higher-strength steels where the combination of hardenability and residual stress requires elevated preheat. For A709 HPS70W at over 2-1/2", the 300°F minimum preheat slows the weld cooling rate to prevent formation of crack-susceptible martensite in the heat-affected zone. Maintaining interpass temperature at or above this minimum is especially critical for multi-pass welds on restrained joints.

Other Steels with SAW at over 2-1/2"

A709 HPS70W with SAW

Try Different Combinations

Use the interactive preheat calculator to look up any steel, process, and thickness combination from D1.1:2025 Table 5.11.

A709 HPS70W Welding Guides