Símbolos de soldagem — Referência AWS A2.4
A Símbolo de soldagem per AWS A2.4 Section 4.5 uses a Linha de referência, arrow, Tipo de solda graphic, dimensions, contour symbols, and a tail. AWS A2.4 Section 6.1 controls arrow-side placement, and AWS A2.4 Figure 4.3 shows Norma element locations used by welders and inspectors.
How do you read a welding symbol once you know its parts? Position is the rule that matters most: symbols below the reference line apply to the Lado da seta of the joint, symbols above apply to the Lado oposto. This hub links the core Símbolos de Soldagem, supplementary symbols, NDE callouts, process designations, and worked reading guides used by fabricators, welding engineers, and CWIs.
Per AWS A2.4:2020 Section 4.5, only the horizontal reference line and arrow are required elements of a welding symbol. Figure 4.3 shows where optional elements such as weld symbols, dimensions, supplementary symbols, and tail references are placed.
Explore o símbolo
Tap any chip to highlight that part of the welding symbol on the diagram. Each element is verified against AWS A2.4:2020.
Click any element above to highlight it on the diagram and read its definition from AWS A2.4:2020.
| You see… | It means… |
|---|---|
| Below ref line | Weld on the arrow side |
| Above ref line | Weld on the other side |
| Both sides of ref line | Weld on both sides |
| Open circle at junction | Weld all around the joint perimeter |
| Solid flag at junction | Field weld (made on site, not in shop) |
| Number left of weld symbol | Size (leg length for fillet; D(S) for groove) |
| Numbers right (e.g., 3–12) | Length–pitch for intermittent welds |
| Tail (V-shape opposite arrow) | Process / WPS reference / spec note |
Se o soldador não consegue ler o símbolo, tudo o que vem depois falha — a compatibilidade com a EPS, o ajuste, os critérios de aceitação de inspeção. A literacia em simbologia é o primeiro ponto de verificação, não o último.
— Field perspective, Fabricação estrutural QC
Tipos de junta e linhas de desenho
The interactive above covers symbol anatomy. The full Blueprint Reading Guide adds joint Tipos per AWS A2.4:2020 Figure 5.1 and the 10 engineering drawing line conventions per ASME Y14.2-2014 — the “alphabet of lines” that carries the rest of a welding drawing’s meaning.
△ Blueprint Reading Guide — Joint Types + Drawing Lines Go deeper than anatomy. 5 joint types per AWS A2.4 Figure 5.1 (butt, corner, T, lap, parallel) and the 10 engineering drawing line conventions per ASME Y14.2-2014 — the alphabet that carries the rest of a welding drawing’s meaning.Símbolos de soldagem básicos e suplementares — AWS A2.4
Cada símbolo abaixo corresponde a uma especificação de procedimento de soldagem (EPS) que define como a solda é feita, respaldada por um registro de qualificação de procedimento (RQP) comprovando que o procedimento produz resultados satisfatórios. Juntas padrão podem seguir regras de EPS pré-qualificada que eliminam ensaios de qualificação, e um inspetor de soldagem certificado (CWI) verifica o trabalho finalizado conforme o código.
The chart below separates weld type symbols, supplementary symbols, and related drawing-reading pages. Start with the Solda de Filete symbol if you need the most common structural callout, then move to groove welds, plug/slot welds, NDE symbols, process designations, and the Imprimível charts when you need a shop-floor reference.
Referência dos Elementos do Símbolo de Soldagem
| Element | Location | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| Weld symbol | Above or below reference line | Weld type — fillet triangle, groove V, plug circle, etc. Below = arrow side, above = other side. |
| Arrow side | Below reference line | Same side as arrow — weld on the surface the arrow points to |
| Other side | Above reference line | Opposite side from arrow — weld on far face of joint |
| Both sides | Both sides of line | Weld both sides — same symbol above and below reference line |
| Tamanho da solda | Left of weld symbol | Leg size (fillet) or groove depth (groove welds), in inches or mm |
| Comprimento da Solda | Right of weld symbol | Length of weld in inches or mm. Omitted = full length. |
| Pitch | Right of symbol, as length-pitch (e.g. 3-12) | Center-to-center spacing of intermittent welds — pitch follows the dash after weld length |
| Símbolo de contorno | Above/below weld symbol | Rente (straight line), Convexo (outward arc), Côncavo (inward arc) — desired Face da Solda profile |
| Símbolo de acabamento | Adjacent to contour symbol | G (grind), M (machine), C (chip), H (hammer), P (planish), R (roll), U (unspecified) — per A2.4 §6.13 |
| Tail | Right end of reference line | Especificação, process, or note — e.g. SMAW, AWS D1.1, or WPS number |
| Weld-all-around | Circle at arrow junction | Weld completely around the joint — all sides, no breaks |
| Field weld | Filled flag at reference line | Weld on-site during erection, not in the Fabricação shop |
| CJP | In tail or note | Complete Penetração da Junta — weld fuses full Espessura of joint |
| PJP | In tail or note | Penetração Parcial da Junta — groove depth less than full thickness |
"Símbolos de Soldagem are the universal language between the engineer at the desk and the Soldador in the field — without them, every joint is a conversation."
— Widely cited in structural steel fabrication training, reflecting AWS A2.4 standard practice
Além dos Tipos de Solda
Indicações de END, códigos de processo e preparação para exame CWI — conhecimento essencial para leitura e interpretação de desenhos de engenharia.